Military Chemistry and Chemical Agents 1942

This document is refered to by multiple Chemical Warfare textbooks used on Treasure Island and was the definition of Chemical Warfare Training during World War II. Unfortunately the training chemicals for chemical warfare were deadly poisons and the chemicals used to clean are deadly poisons. Here is a photograph of the gas mask training at Edgewood Arsenal where the plane is spraying “Asbestine” which was asbestos and talcum powder onto the unsuspecting recruits.

Naval Trainign Bulletin 1`5 March 1944

The other training chemical which was used to simulate Mustard Gas was mostly Molasses with sand and Cresols which are a deadly poison. This was dumped on 60,000 soldiers trained in chemical warfare for World War II and the VA made an alotment for their exposure durinig the war. My guess is nobody told the VA that they continued this training after the war and to this day.

All battles of World War II had Chemical Warfare ready to be used if the Axis powers decided to use them. It was the first demonstration of Mutually Assured Destruction in combat and it was not used in the war for offensive conflict against the allies. The Japanese had used it in China when they invaded in the early 30s but did not use it against The US in the war. They knew we had perfected our techniques and were ready to use them!

This is the revised edition for the Training Manual 1942 and the revisions were located at the front of the document. Also understand that these chemical weapons used full laboratories to make the agents, and those other chemicals are listed in this publication. I will post the chemical weapons and the chemicals used directly for working with them in the field whther in combat or in medical treatment in an index at the end and their current status of toxicity.

• The new agents for 1942:
  • 144.1 Phenyldichlorarsine
  • 158.2 Hydrocyanic Acid
  • 158.3 Cyanogen Chloride – which was made in Linden NJ
  • 158.1 Arsine

In Training manuals the numbering system is for the item numbers and not the page numbers and to provide an index at the and of this document. Thsi is done so the new agents can fit into existing documents with other numbered toxins under their categories without having to number them again. It is important to standardize all training to the same exact specifications so it can be done anywhere. This procedure would continue for all CBR Training on all bases. The main document was printed in 1940 so it uses different terms. Eveyrthing was standardized in the war so the British Chemical Warfare agent names and descriptions matched with the US Names and descriptions. So for instance Mustard Gas was (H) it is now (HS). Later editions would fix this.

Mustard Gas Test at Treasure Island 1964

Mustard Gas Test on Treasure Island by the US Naval Research Laboratory 1964

The Navy applied the Mustard Gas as a liquid onto a field gun, a mock up of a ship and a mock up of an airplane along with several vertical steel placards that they set up on the island to measure the different effects of weathering on an application of Mustard as a liquid onto these plaques. By using it in liquid form the concentration of the vapors from evaporation would be 50 times the lethal amount than from it being deployed as gas. The Training used mustard gas as a liquid and here is the information from this document of the danger. The concentrations at lower temperatures are still multiples of the lethal amount.

Biological Warfare Defense 1953 Index

This will present the index to the Training Manual Biological Warfare Defense 1953 that was used on Treasure Island even though the minimum distance for safety is 2 miles from the use of these biological weapons. San Francisco is within 2 miles of Treasure Island. The page numbers are at the end of each item.

The Second Section will list the Chemicals and Biological Diseases used in training and their consequences today. For instance the Navy used biological agents which they thought were harmless but are the major source of infections in hospitals today. The Navy purposely infected the country with these diseases to study how far it would travel and how to clean it up. Who cares if people died it was for them to needlessly kill american citizens to protect them!

245 biological experiments on US citizens in cities and bases, Navy Biological Warfare Lab in SF Bay

The purpose of all of this is to make the terms searchable in this website so that when used in other training manuals you can see the overlap and the changes in use over time.

Part A. Biological Warfare Agents

A1.01 Purpose and scope 1

1. Purpose 1
2. Scope 1

A1.02 Responsibility for Biological Warfare Defense 1

A1.03 Biological Warfare Defined 1

A1.04 Biological Warfare Agents 2

1. Classification 2
2. Characteristics 2

A1.05 Simulant Agents 2

Bacillus globigii – NIH – Bacillus globigii (Bg) spores are used as a simulant for Bacillus anthracis (Ba) due to their similar shape, size, and cellular makeup
Bacillus Prodigiosus – NIH – A Study of the Toxins of Bacillus prodigiosus 
Serratia Marcescens – Originally thought to be harmless is the major cause of infections in hospitals today. It was used by the Navy all over the country for biological warfare experiments and training. Now we can’t get rid of it! PubMed – Serratia Marcescens– A Rare Opportunistic Nosocomial Pathogen and Measures to Limit its Spread in Hospitalized Patients

Training manuals of the US Navy for Atomic, Biological and Chemical Warfare

I will be adding content to this as there are many training manuals and I will provide links to those online. I have to go through all ofthem. Here are some relating directly to Treasure Island, indicated in the documents.

ABC WARFARE DEFENSE 1960 and 1963 photogaphed at Treasure Island

Photographed on Treasure Island. Notice the Marine Headlands in the background and Alcatraz Island. This is near the Arsenic bubble that the Navy had to clean up , it would be in this picture behind and to the right and right next to the mock up ship the USS Pandemonium.

ABC warfare defense ashore: United States Navy 1060

1946 Chemical Warfare Training and Radium Plaque Adaptometer course Schedules at Treasure Island and the Navy

Naval Training Bulletin 1946-47
This article will list the courses published in the Naval Training Bulletin for Chemical Warfare and Radium Plaque Adaptometer at Treasure Island Navy Base, which is also the 12th Naval Naval District Command and Naval Schools Command. I will present Treasure Island first and then the rest of the Navy so you can see which Districts specialized in this training over time.

The Radium Plaque Adaptometer was a device where a radium source was placed within 10 inches of the eyes in order to test the ability of the sailor to see at night. Radium causes phosphur to illuminate at very dim levels that cannot be replicated with light bulbs. They conducted this test on all Navy personnel from 1944 to 1951 thus exposing them to intense radiation.

ALL NAVY PERSONNEL Exposed to Radium for EYE TESTS 1944-1951

Treasure Island February 15, 1946: Chemical Warfare and Radium Plaque Adaptometer

Naval Training Bulletin 15 Feb 1946

Boston – Chemical Warfare School – Feb 1946

Brooklyn – Chemical Warfare and Radium Plaque Adaptometer – Feb 1946

Chemical Warfare Weapons of the US from US Naval Training Bulletin March 1944

The US had chemical weapons ready to be used in retaliation to any German or Japanese chemical or biological warfare attack. We had various types of weapons shown in thsi chart from March 1944 Naval Training Bulletin.

Source” Naval Training Bulletin 15 March 1944

Naval Training Bulletin 15 March 1944

Mustard VX and Sarin Gases used in Training for Chemical Warfare Schools 1978 Environmental Impact Statement

Draft Environmental Impact Statement Establishment of the US Army NBC Defense School
16 August 1978 (Revised 21 Nov 1978)

1978 EIS Appendix C-1 – GB (Sarin) and VX Field Identification and Decontamination Exercises

1978 EIS Appendix C-2 – Mustard Decontamination Exercise

1978 EIS Appendix C-3 Biological Field Sampling Exercise

1978 EIS Appendix C-4 Radiological Decontamination Training Facility (Bromine Field)

1978 EIS Appendix C-5 Alpha Field Survey

Diseases and conditions caused by exposure to Mustard Gas and Lewisite

GB is Sarin Gas
VX is a Nerve agent
Mustard Gas burns the skin, lungs, eyes etc
U is Uranium
Pu is Plutonium
Cs is Cesium 137

Background on Joint training and the manuals

The Training at Treasure Island referred to in this Environmental Impact Statement for the creation of a new Chemical Biological and Radiological School which also includes the Environmental impact of a school. The entire book is an instruction manual on the use of Mustard, Sarin and VX Nerve Gas well as biological aand radiological training with step by step instructions.

This has been consistent in all training manuals, they encompass all sites with the training usually at Edgewood Arsenal, Treasure Island and Fort McClelland as shown below from the 1952 Chemical Warfare Defense manual cites those three sites for same training manuals, I will cite more below. Fort McClelland temporarily took over from Treasure Island from 1967 to the early 1970s when they moved the training devices and mock ups from the west side of the island under the present day housing to the north east side of the island.

COVER UP – 1982 CDC Formaldehyde poisoning report at Customs Office on Treasure Island – nobody told them about the Biological Warfare Training

This article will focus on the 1978 Report

COVER UP – 1982 CDC Formaldehyde poisoning report at Customs Office on Treasure Island – nobody told them about the Biological Warfare Training

Lists of chemicals including Formaldhyde using in Biological Warfare Defense Training Manual 1953 below

The Navy forgot to mention to the CDC and the NIH its use of Formaldhyde in Biological Warfare Training at Treasure Island and allowed these people to be harmed. The NIH investigated why these people were showing signs of Fomaldehyde Poisoning, but instead of evacuating everyone the Navy decided to COVER IT UP!

Training in Formaldehyde

Biological Warfare Defense 1953

Biologicla Warfare Defense 1953

The training manual Biological Warfare Defense 1953 used on Treasure Island details the use of these toxic chemicals in the cleaning up of biological contamination at the Chemical Warfare School on Treasure Island.

Biological Warfare Defense 1953

As you can see the trainers would purposely infect vehicles for Atomic, Biological and Radiological Defense and this was the method used for Biological Training decontamination. For Chemical and Radiological decontamination they were dressed in chemical suits and washed the contaminents directly off of the vehicles and equipment and that is why this tiny Navy Base had several bus painting facilities to decontaminate and repaint the equipment for reuse in training.

ABC Warfare Defense 1960, 1963

ABC Warfare Defense 1960, 1963 Field Gun at Treasure Iland being decontaminated. That’s Alcatraz and the Marine Headlines in the background.

The CDC Report:
Link to page on CDC website Health Hazard Evaluation Report No. HETA 82-176-1236

PDF report:
Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-82-176-1236, U. S. Customs Service, Patrol Division Office, Treasure Island, San Francisco, California
Worker exposures to formaldehyde (50000) were investigated on April 21, 1982 at the United States Customs Service Patrol Division Office (SIC-9999) at Treasure Island, San Francisco, California. The evaluation was requested by the National Treasury Employees Union, Chapter 165, on behalf of eight workers who complained of eye, nose and throat irritation. Area air samples were analyzed, and employees were questioned about medical symptoms. Air samples contained 0.15 to 0.23 parts per million of formaldehyde. NIOSH recommends that formaldehyde exposures be kept to the lowest feasible limit. The workers reported eye and respiratory irritation, cough, chest tightness, headache, nausea, and fatigue. The authors conclude that formaldehyde exposure hazard exists at this work site. They recommend improvement of the ventilation system.

Safety levels of nuclear radiation have changed over the years making previous cleanups are now nuclear accidents

When the government says that a site was cleaned up in the past, remember that the safety standards of the time are nuclear accidents today. It depends on when it was cleaned up. For instance the Nuclear Fuel Rod plant in San Jose was cleaned up to mid 1950s standards when the Atomic Energy Commission was worried about people getting Radiation Poisoniing and not the long term effects of cancer. It is now The Plant shopping center and it has to be re-evaluated for contamination. All of these sites have to be re-examined to determine if people are in danger!

10 CFR § 20.1301 – Dose limits for individual members of the public.
§ 20.1301 Dose limits for individual members of the public.

• (a) Each licensee shall conduct operations so that –
  • (1) The total effective dose equivalent to individual members of the public from the licensed operation does not exceed 0.1 rem (1 mSv) in a year, exclusive of the dose contributions from background radiation, from any medical administration the individual has received, from exposure to individuals administered radioactive material and released under § 35.75, from voluntary participation in medical research programs, and from the licensee‘s disposal of radioactive material into sanitary sewerage in accordance with § 20.2003, and
  • (2) The dose in any unrestricted area from external sources, exclusive of the dose contributions from patients administered radioactive material and released in accordance with § 35.75, does not exceed 0.002 rem (0.02 millisievert) in any one hour.
• (b) If the licensee permits members of the public to have access to controlled areas, the limits for members of the public continue to apply to those individuals.
• (c) Notwithstanding paragraph (a)(1) of this section, a licensee may permit visitors to an individual who cannot be released, under § 35.75, to receive a radiation dose greater than 0.1 rem (1 mSv) if –
  • (1) The radiation dose received does not exceed 0.5 rem (5 mSv); and
  • (2) The authorized user, as defined in 10 CFR Part 35, has determined before the visit that it is appropriate.
• (d) A licensee or license applicant may apply for prior NRC authorization to operate up to an annual dose limit for an individual member of the public of 0.5 rem (5 mSv). The licensee or license applicant shall include the following information in this application:
  • (1) Demonstration of the need for and the expected duration of operations in excess of the limit in paragraph (a) of this section;
  • (2) The licensee‘s program to assess and control dose within the 0.5 rem (5 mSv) annual limit; and
  • (3) The procedures to be followed to maintain the dose as low as is reasonably achievable.
• (e) In addition to the requirements of this part, a licensee subject to the provisions of EPA’s generally applicable environmental radiation standards in 40 CFR part 190 shall comply with those standards.
• (f) The Commission may impose additional restrictions on radiation levels in unrestricted areas and on the total quantity of radionuclides that a licensee may release in effluents in order to restrict the collective dose.
• [56 FR 23398, May 21, 1991, as amended at 60 FR 48625, Sept. 20, 1995; 62 FR 4133, Jan. 29, 1997; 67 FR 20370, Apr. 24, 2002; 67 FR 62872, Oct. 9, 2002]

Source:

Status of Chemical Warfare Service Facilities as of 30 June 1945

Chemical Warfare locations in the US in World War II, depots training locations, offices, labs etc.

These are lists of locations that are chemically compromised and it is illegal for these locations to be in the hands of civilians. This is the master list of every location using chemical weapons for World War II. All of these locations will have to be evaluated for contamination.
Note this is a long list of locations, it might take a while to download.

1959

Stauffer Chemical Richmond on list of 153 Sites for the Nuclear Weapons Industry

USA Today had an article on the sites contaminated for the production of the Atomic Bomb. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission came up with this list of 153 sites all over the US in response to the FOIA request.
Memo to Commissioners TAs from J. Craig, EDO re: Staff Evaluation of Sites Indentified in the USA Today Article Dated 09/06/00.

Note that cleanup of nuclear materials before 1959 was concerned with preventing radiation sickness but when people started to develop cancer, the standards changed drastically. So sites cleaned up even a few years ago, including Treasure Island where the standards of the time exceed the safe levels today. This is a preliminary list, there are more.

Stauffer Chemical in Richmond CA processed uranium NRC records 1962

Stauffer Chemical (now Astra Zeneca) had a uranium processing mill in Richmond CA. This is the Atomic Energy Commission license to process and cut uranium for use in Nuclear Weapons. I am placing this article on my Treasure Island page as Stauffer Chemical Company was a supplier for the US Chemical Warfare Service in World War II and after and Treasure Island conducted training using Mustard Gas, a poison gas which was outlawed in the Treaty of Versailles.

Stauffer Chemical Company was immediately to the East of what is now the UC Berkeley Richmond Field Station, which also includes the US EPA Field Laboratory for Region 9 which encompasses California, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, the Pacific Islands and Native American toxic waste sites. It is also less than a mile from the California Department of Public Health and all of these locations are within contamination range of the site. Nuclear radatiion can affect lab equipment.

Diseases and conditions caused by exposure to Mustard Gas and Lewisite

Veterans at Risk: the Health Effects of Mustard Gas and Lewisite
Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee to Survey the Health Effects of Mustard Gas and Lewisite, David P Rall, and Constance M Pechura. Veterans At Risk: the Health Effects of Mustard Gas And Lewisite. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1993.

Findings

Compensation for veterans exposed to mustard gas and lewisite in world war II

Mustard Gas alters DNA

1968 Chemical Weapons at Treasure Island

The source

Mustard Gas Test on Treasure Island by the US Naval Research Laboratory 1964

Chemical Warfare Training at Treasure Island San Francisco started 7 Jan 1946 and then every 2 weeks

Link: https://ia802804.us.archive.org/29/items/DTIC_AD0612665/DTIC_AD0612665.pdf

MAP of Mock up of Ship used in Biological, Chemical and Radiological Training at TI

The First USS Pandemonium, a mock up of a training ship was used for Biological, Chemical and Radiological Training at Treasure Island. This article presents the maps of the island, past 1959 and present Google maps with an aerial photograph of the ship from 1969. How the overlay was made.

Map of Ship with current Google Map of Treasure Island

In 1957, the Navy built the first USS Pandemonium to be used as a training vessel built on land for (ABC) Atomic, Biological and Chemical Warfare Training.

Current map with the ships opacity so you can see the streets below. The ship goes through building 1315 and across the street into building 1316. When the Navy excvates those buildings, they will find even more radiation and contamination.

This image (Below) is from the Figure 8.3-21 Former USS Pandemonium Location on Northwest Corner, Treasure Island Naval Station Historical Radiological Assessment February 2006 page 8-24

Figure 8.3-21 Former USS Pandemonium Location on Northwest Corner, Treasure Island Naval Station Historical Radiological Assessment February 2006 page 8-24 Notice the three tanks in the triangle shape, the lead lines got ot two different tanks from the taink used for the washing off the radioactive materials from the ship during training.

Notice the slanted line in the ship photograph matches up with the slanted line in the 1959 map as well as teh curve in the road adn the dirt road street to the right, including the rectangular structure to the far right all matches up with the map below.

1959 USGS Map of Treasure Island Historical Topographic Map Collection detail of CA_Oakland West_293624_1959_24000

And then the overlay of the present Google map on the 1959 USGS map shows the Avenue B as the road that the dirt road corresponds with on the 1959 map

Historical Topographic Map Collection

Resulting in the map at the top of this blog

Also notice the two tanks in the triangle shape which has a land component in its middle and the tank near the road which was the immediate collection tank from washing chemcial, biological and radiological material off the ship.

The training took place every 2 weeks because the radioactive bromide’s half life makes it “safe” in 1950s standards for safety to be dumped into the bay. Of course if you tried this today it would be illegal.

That tank would have the material sit in it for two weeks before being dumped into one of the other two tanks to sit out for 4 weeks before being dumped into the bay. If you look close you can see the little channels leading to each tank in the large triangle. Three tanks were needed to keep the operation going every 2 weeks.

The Triangle is in the Meadow which is where they found the high concentrations of Arsenic. Lewisite is a chemical weapon made of arsenic and acetylene and fits the description of the toxins.

The pandemonium in silhouette with a self propelled gun used in Mustard Gas Experiments at Treasure Island by the Office of Naval Research in 1964. Note hte Mustard Gas experiments are to the north of the ship in what is now the SWDA site where they found a mortar capable of shelling the Bay Bridge.

TI-The Smoking Gun – Chemical Warfare test at Treasure Island Navy evaluates methods use to clean up Mustard Gas

ABC School means Atomic, Biological and Chemical Warfare Training School. This text is on page 1 of the of Office of Naval Research Mustard Gas test at Treasure Island:

“BACKGROUND

As a result of the favorable properties reported for the U.S. Army Chemical Corps chemical warfare decontaminant DS2, tests of this material under shipboard conditions appeared desirable. Accordingly, the Bureau of Ships requested the ABC Defense School, Treasure Island, to submit plans for conduct of the tests by its own staff. It was expected that this group would be capable of performing the evaluation both efficiently and from a shipboard point of view.

Test plans were developed by the Treasure Island group and forwarded to the Bureau of Ships. The plans were studied by the Bureau and this Laboratory and approved with minor changes. A target of January 1959, was set for the test period, at which time a supply of DS2 could be supplied through the cooperation of the U.S. Army Chemical Corps.

The chemical warfare agent chosen for the DS2 evaluation tests was mustard gas (HD). Laboratory tests by the Chemical Corps had shown that mustard is the most difficult of the common persistent CW agents to decontaminate with DS2 (1). In addition, mustard was readily available at the ABC school, is safe to handle with reasonable precautions, and is capable of punishing the careless or unprotected worker by burns of varying severity.” Link to the Chemical Warfare Test using Mustard Gas at Treasure Island in 1964.

Below is the full 1959 map:

1959 USGS Map of Treasure Island Historical Topographic Map Collection detail of CA_Oakland West_293624_1959_24000
This map also shows the

Figure 8.3-21 Former USS Pandemonium Location on Northwest Corner, Treasure Island Naval Station Historical Radiological Assessment February 2006 page 8-24

1951 TI-ATOMIC AND CHEMICAL TRAINING IN THE SAN FRANCISCO AREA 1951 https://treasureislandcalifornia.wordpress.com/2020/12/27/ti-atomic-and-chemical-training-in-the-san-francisco-area-1951/

TRAINING IN THE SAN FRANCISCO AREA Naval training bulletin, June 1951 Publisher: [Washington, D.C.] : Bureau of Naval Personnel

TI-Map USS Pandemonium 1 under present day housing at Treasure Island Atomic Biological and Chemical Warfare training site

Admiral B A Clarey NAVFAC gave order in 1972 to remove radium dials from ships

Radiological Precautions
The Navy Civil Engineer
Spring 1972, p. 16
By GLENN ZIMMER Radiological Safety Officer

“Radiological Precautions” By GLENN ZIMMER Radiological Safety Officer The Navy Civil Engineer Spring 1972, p 16

The Radiological Affairs Support Program has been established by the Chief of Naval Material within the Naval Facilities Engineering Command. The CNM has assigned Commander, NAVFAC, the responsibility to act for CNM in matters of radiological affairs. This covers all aspects of ionizing radiation except nuclear propulsion, nuclear weapon criticality, and medical applications within the NMC to, in the words of Adm. B. A. Clarey, “collate, coordinate and monitor — all aspects of radiological controls—.”

Part of this program will be to assure that a uniform program of radiological protection is established within all systems commands, with assistance to the fleets on an “as-required” basis.

Focus Responsibility

Up until now there has not been a coordinated radiological program within the Navy. This has led to conflicting regulations in some cases that has ended with confusion and a lack of control. The aim is to bring central coordination to radiological affairs so that the Navy can assure radiation protection of all personnel within the Navy, and of the environment. This program will include radioactive materials that are used under license authority of the Atomic Energy Commission, those occurring naturally (such as radium), and X-rays.

Heretofore, radium has not been controlled within the Navy, primarily because the use of radium has not been regulated by the Atomic Energy Commission, the U.S. Public Health Service, or any other agency. However, radium is just as harmful as other radioactive materials which have been produced in a reactor, and a control program will be brought into effect on this material.

Industrial use of X-rays is another area that will require attention and control. In the past there has not been a program at all locations for controlling the use of X-rays.

There are needs within the Navy to have instrumentation developed for monitoring to help assure radiological safety. Recommendations will be made from NAVFAC to the appropriate naval activities responsible for development of instrumentation or control procedures.

One of the important reasons for having this program is that it is necessary in the field of radiation protection to have technically-qualified personnel evaluate hazards to personnel and to devise control measures. NAVFAC has a small group of highly-qualified, highly-technical personnel in headquarters and at the Naval Nuclear Power Unit to perform this type of a function.

By having a single central office coordinating radiological affairs and providing technical assistance we can assure radiological control and protection. It is a tremendous responsibility and opportunity for NAVFAC to have been selected to perform this type of a function, because the program is of major importance to the Fleet, and the Navy.

Radiological Precautions
The Navy Civil Engineer
Spring 1975, p. 14

“Radiological Precautions” The Navy Civil Engineer Spring 1975, p. 14

Radiological Training Begun • Ft Belvoir, Va.
In June, 1974, the OIC, Naval Nuclear Power Unit (NNPU) was tasked by Commander, Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC), with providing radiological training within the U. S. Navy. The Radiological Training Department (RTD) was es- tablished in July, 1974, with the addition of two Medical Service Corps instructor billets from the Chief of Naval Education and Training.

The initial training effort was directed toward the radium removal operations program for inactive Naval vessels. Responsibility for this course was transferred to NNPU following the decommissioning of the Navy Training Unit, Fort McClellan, Ala. The need was established when it was found that many luminescent devices aboard decommissioned ships contained radium in quantities considered excessive and potentially dangerous.

These devices must be removed and properly disposed of prior to transfer of the vessel. The radium removal operations course is designed to enable inactive fleet maintenance personnel to safely locate, remove, and dispose of radioactive materials found aboard inactive ships. Three such courses were conducted in July and August of 1974 with 48 students becoming certified as radium removal operators.

A parallel radium removal course for active ships was then designed in an effort to remove items containing radium from the active fleet and replace them with non-hazardous substitutes. Shore based teams of mainte- nance support personnel have been trained as radium removal operators in an effort to prevent the additional work load from being assigned to shipboard personnel.

Removal and disposal procedures are, therefore, centralized in major home ports where they can be more easily monitored and controlled. Commanding officers can schedule surveys for their ships by submitting a standard work request to the Fleet Main- tenance Assistance Group located in their home port.

The surveys will then be conducted during a convenient in-port period. To date, one course has been conducted on each coast, and radium removal teams are now established in Norfolk, Charleston, Mayport, San Diego, San Francisco, and Pearl Harbor.

Training department personnel have recently completed a nuclear weapons radiological survey operations course – which will enable personnel to conduct radiological surveys in weapons storage areas in ships or shore facilities. Students will learn how to evaluate survey data and determine what actions are necessary in order to ensure current personnel radiation protection standards are met. Classes began in April, 1975, with training being conducted at the Nuclear Weapons Training Groups in Norfolk, Va. Diego, Calif.

Future plans include development and San of a radiation safety officer (RSO) : course which will meet training requirements for individuals filling RS0 billets throughout the Navy. The Course will be approximately two weeks in length and will cover a wide range of subjects including the detection of ionizing radiation, personnel protection measures, the development of standard operating procedures including those for X and gamma ray radiography, and rules and regulations pertaining to radiation sources licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

Final Warning Struck in the Eyes – Residents hit by scrapnel from detonating explosives on TI

Video by Caraol Harvey Investigative Reporter

The Navy is currently exploding ordinance including grenades and Japanese mortars in the radioactive waste location at Treasure Island in violation of Navy regulations on proximity of civilians to the explosions. The Navy freely admitted that they were too close to residents in the recent RAB meeting on December 8th where they admitted to using sandbags and shipping containers to try to block the effects of the explosions from the civilians but the Civilians have been hit by the blast and are injured.

In a report on December 8th for the RAB Meeting the Navy mentioned they were exploding ordinance that was too close to the residents but they were mitigating that by placing shipping containers in the path of the explosions. but the shipping containers are not in the way and tehy are needlessly exposing the civilians to the explosions, violating navy regulations on munitions. The Navy doesn’t care, they have no one to supervise this fiasco:

The Navy found a plume of arsenic and are saying it is a natural formation of arsenic in the soil. The Entire Island is manmade, there is nothing natural there, everything there was placed there within the past 80 to 85 years.

The Arsenic plume is Lewisite, a chemical weapon that is usually mixed with Mustard Gas to have a hideous effect on enemy troops. The Navy has a history of considering civilians to be the enemy. Their total disregard for the safety of the people of Honolulu with the whole Red Hill petroium contamination disaster of the past month where Honolulu’s water supply is contaminated with Navy Oil that is stored above their aquifer. The Navy knew about this in 1982 and even documented the contamination but refused to do anything about it.

1982 Report on Fuel Tanks and pipeline leaks at Pearl Harbor today causes oil in 1/8 of Honolulu’s water supply

Now 1/4 of Honolulu is without water up from teh 1/8th a few weeks ago. The Navy secretary got mad at the people of Honolulu saying that she had been in combat and this was nothing compared to that! She has since backpeddled on that admission but it shows the total disregard for civilians.

Location of the USS Pandemonium:

TI-The Smoking Gun – Chemical Warfare test at Treasure Island Navy evaluates methods use to clean up Mustard Gas

The Arsenic in the Meadow corresponds with the location of the first ship mock-up the USS Pandemonium where the Navy conducted chemical, biological and radiological testing using live ammo. Lewisite is a chemical weapon that degrades into Arsenic and Acyteline and was found all over this site.

TI-Map USS Pandemonium 1 under present day housing at Treasure Island Atomic Biological and Chemical Warfare training site

Radiation Training on Treasure Island using isotopes

From 1970 onwards the Navy used short lived Isotopes that they would paint onto surfaces of a mock up of a training ship the USS Pandemonium where they washed it off and scrubbed it off the ship into the Bay. Here is the training from United States. Army. U.S. Army Nuclear, Biological And Chemical School (AL,MD): Environmental Impact Statement. , 1979. We know it was done at Treasure Island because it says so in this text. We also know this because the training manuals including the 1960 and 1963 “ABC Warfare Defense” Training Manual (Atomic, Biological and Chemical) were photographed on Treasure Island. This is a photograph of the training with Alcatraz and the Marin Headlands in the background.

Note this training was regularly and continuously conducted as they had to train members of all branches of the military. Schedules can be found in navy publications of the times from 1947onwards for ABC Training.

You can see Alcatraz and the Marin Headlands in the background.

TI-Map USS Pandemonium 1 under present day housing at Treasure Island Atomic Biological and Chemical Warfare training site

RADIOLOGICAL AFFAIRS SUPPORT OFFICE
REPORT OF TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE VISIT
TO NAVAL SCHOOLS COMMAND, TREASURE
ISLAND, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
15 APRIL 1974

RADIOLOGICAL AFFAIRS SUPPORT OFFICE
REPORT OF TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE VISIT
TO NAVAL SCHOOLS COMMAND, TREASURE
ISLAND, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
15 APRIL 1974

Note the number of miscellaneous radioluminescent devices, held in a plastic bag were utilized as check sources were radium dials and radium foils that were found buried all around the original location of the USS Pandemonium which is under the housing at Treasure Island. See this article on the amounts of radiation dug up exposing the residents to over 90 REMS of nuclear radiation each year with one object that radiated 30 REMS a year found in 2021.

90 REMS of Nuclear Radiation Per Year at Treasure Island – the Spreadsheet and the laws UPDATE

Here is the step by step training and safety precautions below

Mustard Gas training at Treasure Island

Mustard Gas is a deadly poison that was used in training at Treasure Island. We know this because the US Naval Research Laboratory Washington DC commissioned Treasure Island to conduct Mustard Gas test using two different cleaners to compare their properties and Treasure Island had an ample supply of Mustard Gas, here is the report. Note I will be publishing the other training under separate articles as I am using the images directly from the training manual and this will be easier to upload.

TI-The Smoking Gun – Chemical Warfare test at Treasure Island Navy evaluates methods use to clean up Mustard Gas

United States. Army. U.S. Army Nuclear, Biological And Chemical School (AL,MD): Environmental Impact Statement. , 1979.

Chemical Warfare School at Treasure Island

Dumping Nuclear Waste at Sea – Sealift Magazine 1968 MSTS based at Fort Mason San Francisco

The removal of nuclear waste from the B-52 Crash in Thule Greenland where they had military personnel clean up the site after an atomic bomb fell and broke apart spilling its nuclear cargo all over the place. Only one crewman survived but was terribly frost bitten. All of the contaminated materials including ice and snow were removed from the site in these containers as shown above and off loaded at Charleston for burial in the US.

This article points out that 4800 barrels of radioactive waste were also unloaded in Charleston from the Palamedes Spain nuclear disaster where a B-52 carrying 4 hydrogen bombs collided with a tanker in mid air, then exploded and the bombs fell on Spain where one ended up in the Mediterranean while another spilled its contents all over the city, the other two parachuted safely to the surface as that is what was supposed to happen in a crash.

Article on the left details the dumping of nuclear waste at sea as if this is a casual thing to do

Left side United States. Navy. Military Sea Transportation Service. Sealift Magazine. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Navy’s Military Sea Transportation Service , 1968

United States. Navy. Military Sea Transportation Service. Sealift Magazine. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Navy’s Military Sea Transportation Service , 1968

My article on the Farallon Islands Nuclear Waste disposal sites where the Navy dumped 47500 barrels of nuclear waste into Ocean at the Farallon Islands. They just pushed it all overboard and that was that.

https://disasterarea.home.blog/2020/07/23/farallon-islands-nuclear-waste-sites/

I will be posting more articles on Ocean Dumping.

Plutonium Cesium Cobalt and neutron sources used in training at Treasure Island

This document lists the resumes with work experience with Plutonium, Cobalt, Cesium, and other radioactive materials and devices. This is a legal document, subjecting the application to comply with all laws and regulations under penalty of perjury.

The Navy would have you believe that the amounts of radiation are small or it’s just Radium. But the Nuclear Regulatory Commission has licenses for all materials used on Treasure Island by the US Navy, including the dates and signatures of all officials who signed under penalty of perjury. This is just one example of many others but a good example of how the record shows the materials used and when.

I will list the isotopes used, the quantities used, the isotope name and half lives for Robert E Sleever.

APPLICATION FOR BYPRODUCT MATERIAL LICENSE INDUSTRIAL
US Army White Sands Missile Range (WSMR)
12 July 1982

Pages 21 and 22 of 151 show the experience of

ROBERT E. SLEEVER
Quality Assurance Calibration Lab

page 21 of 151of PDF file of
APPLICATION FOR BYPRODUCT MATERIAL LICENSE INDUSTRIAL
US Army White Sands Missile Range (WSMR)
12 July 1982

page 22 of 151of PDF file of
APPLICATION FOR BYPRODUCT MATERIAL LICENSE INDUSTRIAL
US Army White Sands Missile Range (WSMR)
12 July 1982

Isotope	Maximum Activity	isotope name	half life
Tl208	Microcuries	Thallium 208	3 min
Ra226	Microcuries	Radium 226	1685 years
Th228	Microcuries	Thorium 228	1.9 years
Ba233	Microcuries
U235	Microcuries	Uranium 235	7,000,000 years
U238	Microcuries	Uranium 238	4.47 years
Pu239	Microcuries	Plutonium 239	24110 years
Co60	30,000 Curies	Cobalt 60	5.27 years
Cs137	30,000 Curies	Cesium 137	30 years
PuBe	30,000 Curies	Neutron Source
Mn54	30,000 Curies	Manganese 54	312 days
Co57	30,000 Curies	Cobalt 57	271 days
Zn65	30,000 Curies	Zinc 65	243 days
Kr85	30,000 Curies	Krypton 85	10.7 years
Y88	30,000 Curies	Yttrium 88	106 days
Sr90	30,000 Curies	Strontium 90	28.9 years
Tc99	30,000 Curies	Technetium 99	2110,000 years
Cd109	30,000 Curies	Cadmium 109	1.26 years
I131	30,000 Curies	Iodine 131	8 days
Ba133	30,000 Curies	Barium 133	10.5 years
Tl204	30,000 Curies	Thallium 204	3.77 years
Bi207	30,000 Curies	Bismuth 207	32.9 years
AmBe	30,000 Curies	Neutron Source

This is the table for Alfonzo Gonzales. Note the devices listed with the isotopes, these are containers for the isotopes so they can be used to check the counters for accuracy.

The opening three pages of this document:

REM and Curie Measurements

REMS

The maximum safe level of radiation for Member of the Public for a year is 100 mrems per year which is:

0.1 rem per year
100 mrems per year
100,000 microrems per year (which is 100,000 µrem)

The maximum safe level of radiation for anyone including radiation workers for an hour is 2 mrems per hour

Amount	Symbol	Name
.0002	rems/hr	rems per hour
2	mrems/hr	millirems per hour
2,000	µrem/hr	microrems per hour

Note in the POST-CONSTRUCTION SUMMARY REPORT the Navy use mR/hr to denote microrems. In other reports they denoted it properly.

The Navy in its spreadsheet listing the radioactive foils used the wrong symbol for microrems. The Navy used mR/h for microrems per hour. The proper symbol is µrem/hr and I will use them in the tables below

There is no safe level for handling radioactive objects with your bare hands, if you pick one up, or come not contact with any radioactive substance there is a risk.

This is particularly important as the radioactive objects found on Treasure island were either thin foils of radioactive materials or objects painted with radium paint. These objects have since rusted away and can be picked up on the wind, so everyone within 4 miles of the island can be exposed to the radiation as it travels in the dust on the wind.

Map showing EPA Distances for exposure for Treasure Island, Fort Mason, the Navy Dispensary on Fell Street and Hunters Point Shipyard. The red lines are 4 miles,, the blue-green is 3 miles, the White is 3 miles and the red is one mile. Note Fell Street’s 1 mile radium is in yellow to denote near neighbors to the Radiation site. All of these sites are nuclear radiation sites in San Francisco. City hall is within range of the Naval Dispensary on Fell Street.

Calculating the Maximum Amount of Radiation for a Member of the Public for a year for an hour.

There are 8760 hours in a year and the people who live on the island, live there all year, so to calculate the hourly rate of a safe dose for a year you get:

100 mrems per year divided by 8760 (hours in a year) comes out to a little over 0.0114 mrems/hr.

I am rounding off to make this easier for everyone to figure out. The real number is 0.0114155251141553

So any radiation amount that is more than 0.0114 mrems per hour will exceed the safe maximum level of radiation for individual members of the public in a year.

0.0114 mrems per hour is:

Amount Number	Symbol	Name
0.0000114	rems/hr	rems per hour
0.0114	mrems/hr	millirems per hour
11.4	µrem/hr	microrems per hour

Note in the POST-CONSTRUCTION SUMMARY REPORT the Navy use mR/hr to denote microrems. In other reports they denoted it properly.

So if you compare the radiation levels for each object in the POST-CONSTRUCTION SUMMARY REPORT December 2019. Table 7 lists the Radium objects in this report on pages 163-185. you can see that the objects listed are below the immediate danger level of 2 mrems per hour so the people will not get radiation sickness. But about 86 of them exceed the yearly dose rate per hour and because each object adds to the total amount of radiation, the people of Treasure Island were exposed to over 60 REMS of nuclear radiation for each year and that is a nuclear accident!

The Navy found these objects in 2013 and placed them in boxes to store them underground instead of removing them when they found the danger. They were required by law to remove them when they found them.

Why didn’t they remove the danger to the residents?

Problem is that radiation goes right through the ground and so the Navy needlessly exposed the residents to this radiation for 5 years until they dug it up and removed it in 2018. See my article

But Wait There’s More:

3.5 mrems per hour which is 30 REMS PER YEAR from Anomaly A-G03/A-CDPH 1303A reported May 26, 2021

Here are the Curie tables based on one Curie of radiation

Amount	Symbol	Name
1	Ci/g	Curie per gram
1,000	mCi/g	millicuries per gram
1,000,000	µCi/g	microcuries per gram
1,000,000,000	nCi/g	nanocuries per gram
1,000,000,000,000	pCi/g	picocuries per gram

The safe level of radiation for the cleanup is 1.69 pCi/g

The following report and description of the radiological area has a number of objects, I am posting one of them in this article, there are more that also exceed safe levels (one is 49.5 pCi/g found 16 inches below the housing) and the Navy found them in 2013 and have left them there to irradiate the people on treasure Island all of these years. Note they were there for decades but when they knew it was radioactive, they did not start to remove it until 2021. Again I ask Why because they knowingly allowed these people to be exposed to the radiation! That’s murder.

FINAL WORK PLAN
Intrusive Investigation – Radiological Areas of Interest
FORMER NAVAL STATION TREASURE ISLAND
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
May 2021
p 2-2

“Anomaly A-G03/A-CDPH 1303A – Sample location 1303A lies near a concrete walkway adjacent to Building 1303. In March 2013, small discrete particles (3,500 mR/hr. on contact) were collected by CDPH during pre-remediation soil sampling and sent to the Drinking Water and Radiation Laboratory Branch (DWRLB) for analysis. The radioactive fragments were sieved out of the soil sample during sample preparation. CDPH also collected soil samples prior to, during, and after remediation activities. The post-remediation 226Ra sample result (i.e., soil sample collected from the bottom of the excavation) was 1.02 pCi/g (CDPH, 2013). However, during a subsequent investigation conducted in October 2013, LLRO #1282 was found and retrieved and a soil sample collected from the same location detected 226Ra concentrations of 2.2 pCi/g, which is above the NSTI screening criteria of 1.69 pCi/g.”

226Ra is Radium²²⁶

1.69 pCi/g is 1.69 picocuries per gram the following tables shows the equivalent amounts:

Amount	Symbol	Name
0.00000000000169	Ci/g	curies per gram
0.00000000169	mCi/g	millicuries per gram
0.00000169	µCi/g	microcuries per gram
.00169	nCi/g	nanocuries per gram
1.69	pCi/g	picocuries per gram

The safe level of radiation for the cleanup is 1.69 pCi/g

So if you apply this to the foils of radiation used at the US Treasury/ATF building that was located at Avenue M and Fourth Street in Building 233 at Treasure Island, the NRC noted a violation on the storage and leak checking of radioactive foils made of radioactive Tritium and radioactive Nickle.⁶³ They range from 15 to 6,000 millicuries of radiation.

The 6000 millicuries is 6 Curies of Radiation and was used in the Sentex Sensing Technology, Inc. Model 50319 Detector Cell with each foil measuring 150 millicuries of radiation but the device used 40 of them.

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission noted many violations on Treasure island. In this case it was violation from 6/23/1987 which was for not leak checking the radiation in these devices and receiving radioactive foils that were not meant to be shipped to them. The ATF had two labs, one in Rockville MD and the other at Treasure Island.

Note that this license was being evaluated while the Navy was writing the 1988 Radiological Survey report for the EPA. No mention of the long term radioactive materials. Nickel⁶³ has a half life of 100.1 years while Tritium has a half life of 12.3 years.

So 150 millicuries of radiation is equivalent to these amounts:

Amount	Symbol	Name
0.150	Ci/g	curies per gram
150	mCi/g	millicuries per gram
150,000	µCi/g	microcuries per gram
150,000,000	nCi/g	nanocuries per gram
150,000,000,000	pCi/g	picocuries per gram

The safe level of radiation for the cleanup is 1.69 pCi/g

The Navy underrated the level of contamination in 2013 saying it was safe leaving it there to contaminate the residents when later on they found it exceeded the safe levels of radiation.

So there are four issues here that affects both lists of radiological objects found, and remember this is just two reports, there are more reports of objects found that have to be added to the total amount of radiation on the island:

1. They found radiation in 2013 and did not dig it up until now thus exposing the residents to radiation for years and that exposure is at least 90 REMS per year, a nuclear accident.
2. The Navy admits that they goofed up when they first measured the radiation in 2013, reporting it far less than what it actually is today, so that puts into question the amounts of radiation of all radiation readings on the island.
3. The levels of radiation exceed the safe levels of 100 mrems per year and 2 mrems per hour making the site a nuclear disaster site.
4. These radioactive objects were found buried with bombs and ammunition so if a bomb blows up, the radiation gets spread over a large area in the wind.

The City needs to evacuate these people immediately and stop all construction on the island, because to place people to live there is murder.

Rear Admiral Montoya’s false claim The Navy had No Nuclear Accidents in Testimony before Congress

Congressional Testimony Battlegroup-cruiser Destroyer Group Homeporting, San Francisco Bay 1987 testimony with Letter to Barbara Boxer admitted to Hearing.

I will show the testimony and then list the nuclear accidents below. I will fill in the references over time as the amount of material is quite extensive.

Rear Admiral Montoya’s testimony

Comment F-4.1 “Regarding your concerns relative to a nuclear weapon incident, all U.S. Navy nuclear weapons are designed with multiple safety features. They are subject to rigorous analyses and testing to ensure weapon integrity even in the event of an accident. Built-in safety features are enhanced by strict administrative, safety and security procedures and controls, as well as the use of trained personnel who are subject to stringent reliability screening.

“The design and operating procedures for nuclear weapon systems are reviewed and approved by the Department of Defense and the Department of Energy to ensure they comply with U.S. nuclear weapon system safety standards. Periodic audits are conducted by independent Department of Defense and U.S. Navy oversight organizations to verify compliance with safety standards. In view of the multiple safety measures taken for U.S. Navy nuclear weapons, it is not credible that a nuclear weapon will explode accidentally due to a nuclear chain reaction.

“In over 30 years of deploying U.S. Navy nuclear weapons, there has never been an accident involving a nuclear weapon which resulted in a nuclear explosion, nor has a nuclear weapon incident ever occurred which resulted in any nuclear hazard to the public, civilian property or the environment.” SOURCE: Letter to Barbara Boxer from Rear Admiral B. F. Montoya, U.S. Navy, 15 April 1987. IV.3

NAVY NUCLEAR ACCIDENTS AND INTENTIONAL CONTAMINATION

Broken Arrow incidents where the Navy lost nuclear weapons

A-4E Skyhawk attack aircraft Carrying Hydrogen bomb fell off of the U.S.S. Ticonderoga Air Craft Carrier into the Pacific Ocean off of Japan December 5, 1965 when the Captain of the ship decided to turn the ship sharply while they were raising the airplane on the elevator, so it fell off the ship and sank 500 miles off the Japanese Coast.

Lost nuclear submarines

U.S.S. Scorpion Nuclear Submarine Sank in 1968
U.S.S. Thresher April 10, 1963
U.S.S. Guardfish radioactive resin accident 1975
U.S.S. Puffer Submarine radioactive water spill at Puget Sound
U.S.S. Proteus (submarine tender) leak of radioactive water at 100 mrems per hour. 100 Mrems is the total safe dose for a civilian in a Year!

Navy Nuclear Reactor Melt downs and tests of nuclear materials

The Seabees nuked Antarctica, they built the nuclear reactor at McMurdo that melted down and exploded
The US NAVY’s Post Graduate School at Monterey the nuclear reactor melted down but did not explode.

Portable nuclear power reactors

The USNRDL exposed fuel rods to neutron and gamma radiation with seawater at depth. The Navy’s SNAP Reactor tests at Hunters Point Shipyard after the Santa Susana nuclear disasters to create a portable nuclear reactor that will withstand sea water at depth and to be used in Spacecraft and other purposes. The program is similar to the Army’s ML-1 Reactor which was also a portable nuclear reactor that could be placed on a truck or an airplane and put into operation immediately to power a whole base. The component Parts of these portable reactors were made all over the Bay Area with reactors that today reside in housing developments.

Nuclear Weapons Tests

The Nuclear Tests in the Pacific which irradiated vast areas causing complete collapse of natural areas and subjecting thousands of people to nuclear radiation at the local level and of course background radiation throughout the world.

The Navy cleaned ships used in Nuclear Tests and thus dumped Plutonium, and other Radioisotopes directly into the Bays of the Bases at San Francisco, San Diego, Port Humene, Pearl Harbor, Mare Island, the San Francisco Naval Shipyard at Hunters Point, Bremerton and Puget Sound, Guam and the Marianas, thus getting into the food chain directly.

The USNRDL, US Navy’s Radiological Defense Laboratory at Hunters Point Shipyard

USNRDL US Navy’s Radiological Defense Laboratory conducted Radiological Experiments throughout the Bay Area including San Francisco, San Bruno, Treasure Island, Mare Island, Pittsburg, Dublin in the Bay Area and at Port Huemene, The Farallon Islands, The Channel Islands, the Pacific Proving Grounds, and they exploded a hydrogen bomb 500 miles off the coast of San Diego, it was an underwater explosion.

The USNRDL also conducted Radiation Shielding experiments on ships in the southern most point of the shipyard which included acquiring neutron radiation sources to bombard the ship components with radiation. At first the neutron device was in the actual USNRDL lab but its neutron radiation (it was rated at 10 billion Rads per second) conflicted with the other experiments even with the protection and so they dedicated a building for it near the largest drydock and controlled that device from another building to save people’s lives.

See my Chronology Page for details on these subjects.

Navy denial of radiation on Treasure Island – the paper trail of the lie

The Navy has denied that any radiological activity took place on Treasure Island even when they have found 60 Rems per year of Radium from the top 10 inches of soil under the public housing on the site and just recently in May 2021 they found another 30 REMS per year of nuclear radiation under the public housing on the site. They originally made these claims while the Radiological School was still in operation on the Island, so there is no excuse, THEY LIED and the politicians have used this lie to perpetrate a fraud on the people of San Francisco, leaving them holding the bag for the cleanup.!

BASEWIDE ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE SURVEY REPORT FOR
NAVAL STATION TREASURE ISLAND
CONTRACT N62474-92-D-3607
DELIVERY ORDER (0005)
Prepared For:
Engineering Field Activity West
Naval Facilities Engineering Command
San Bruno, California
May 19, 1995

BASEWIDE ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE SURVEY REPORT FOR
NAVAL STATION TREASURE ISLAND

Parcel Identification Map page 17 of 69 in PDF file

This report resides in multiple PDF files on the Envirostor Database and so there will be many links and it is the denial that was used to whitewash the 1995 report to deny any radiological activity but in the fine print it says the direct opposite, citing dumping of radioactive waste on the site where two examples are listed below and other references to the radiation can be found using a simple search of the documents.

The Paper Trail – the following is a list of people and their correspondence who made the false statement in the report that here was no radioactive materials buried on the island.

Page 2-9 is on PDF file page 55 of 69

“Radioactive Materials/Mixed Wastes. File information was reviewed to identify parcels where radioactive materials/mixed wastes were stored and the period of time they were stored. EFA WEST also provided information to ERM-West regarding radiological activities for all of the parcels on Treasure and Yerba Buena Islands. This information was obtained through the Naval Sea Systems Command Detachment, Radiological Affairs Support Office (RASO). A description of the material was included in the database.”

Page 4-8 p 26 of 35 in this PDF file

This is the letter that DTSC uses to claim no radiation at the site. This paragraph is in reference to a chart of each building and areas defined in the map (above) found at the beginning of the document that broke up Treasure Island into 120 separate areas and another 26 on YBI and this chart has no indication of radiation, no checkmarks in the radiation tab for each site. Why would they have it as an item if there are no checkmarks on it anywhere unless the report was censored?

There are other references to the USS Pandemonium and radiological training on Treasure Island in this overall baseline report. Again I want to emphasize that the reports conclusions do not match up with the content in the document.

Note T102 is the location of the first USS Pandemonium where they lost the Radium Needles and Radium materials (see below)

“Radioactive Materials/Mixed Wastes.  A check mark indicates that radioactive materials or mixed wastes are currently or were formerly used, stored, or disposed of on the parcel. This condition may preclude a parcel from being considered for CERFA-eligibility. Radiological issues were of particular concern to regulatory agencies for BRAC classification. Therefore, in addition to the review of on-site records, EFA WEST requested that RASO search for information on known and potential uses of radioactive materials at the base. RASO concurrence is required prior to nomination for CERFA, for lease, or for transfer. In a March 8, 1995, letter from Lt. Commander Heron of EFA WEST, to Mr. David Wang of DTSC, RASO concluded that there is no potential for residual contamination at NAVSTA TI (NSTI) as a result of licensed activities and no radioactive materials were disposed of on site. This conclusion from RASO applies to all parcels at NSTI and is documented in the results and bibliographic reference databases (Appendices A and B, respectively).”

---

NAVSTA TREASURE ISLAND LIST OF REFERENCES

2011 Nuclear Radiation Maps of Treasure Island Housing made by the Navy

Citation: TREASURE ISLAND, SITE 12 GAMMA SURVEY REPORT SURVEY DATES: APRIL 5-7, 2011

In 2011 the Navy conducted a radiological survey and found Radium, Thorium, Uranium, Radioactive Potassium and Radioactive Thallium under the housing at Treasure Island by driving a towed array of radiation detectors over the streets and yards producing a map of radiation for the Housing on Site 12 at Treasure Island Naval Base. This article will show many of the maps created of the Radiation at the housing on Treasure Island.

The materials were not cleaned up at the time, but these isotopes give off radiation at certain frequencies and by reading these frequencies we can know what types of materials are giving off the gamma and X rays of these specific isotopes. The Chart below shows the different frequencies and their corresponding isotopes listed across the top. This is gamma radiation. Alpha and Beta radiation require laboratory work to confirm their presence. So you would not be able to detect Plutonium in this study, which was used in the Radiation Training at Treasure Island.

The radiation was centered on the area of the island where the Navy conducted the Radiological, Chemical and Biological Training using mock ups of a ship, the USS Pandemonium, an airplane, and a field gun. Eventually the Navy would collect Radium objects that were in the first 10 inches of soil and place them in boxes to be sorted out later in 2018.

In response to the increase in radiation, the Navy extended the chain link fences in order to protect the residents from what turned out to be a nuclear disaster. See Survey Findings below.

90 REMS of Nuclear Radiation Per Year at Treasure Island – the Spreadsheet and the laws UPDATE

Treasure island spreadsheetDownload

60 REMS / year of radium objects, deck markers, radium dials, all by product materials that were found in the first 10 inches of soil on the ground under the housing at Treasure Island. Note the navy spreadsheet marks micro rems as mR when it should be µrem/hr

This article explains the spreadsheet of radiological items discovered in 2013 which the Navy buried in a box below the housing in 2015 then removed them in 2018 thus exposing the residents to 60 rems per year for 5 years before they removed them, thus exposing the residents to 300 REMS of nuclear radiation in violation of the law.

On May 26th of 2021 the Navy reported finding new objects in the soil and one of them is 30 REMS per year of nuclear radiation or 3500 mR/hr. This one object is a nuclear accident, it violates the immediate one hour danger level of 2000 mR/ hr exposure and it violates the 100,000 mR/year exposure by 300 times the amount of radiation for a member of the public.

I will go into more detail on the recent find in another article but I posted the initial report at the end of this article.

Spreadsheet of 684 Radium objects, numbers 596 to 1280, found in the top 10 inches of soil¹⁰ at Treasure Island California exposing the residents to 60.409 Rems of Radiation each year.

55 REMS of that total comes from one location the B-25 box where the Navy collected radioactive objects found on the site of the Radiological Training Area on Treasure Island which was demolished to build housing upon the site starting in the 1960s. There are other objects some with radiation levels higher than in this list (including one that was 3500 mR/hr (µrem/hr) or 30 REMS per year in a report published on May 26, 2021¹² which means the exposure of people on the Island goes up to 90 Rems per year) and I will post them in subsequent articles to be linked here. An explanation of each column is below.

The Spreadsheet shows that they knew about the radiation, the exact amounts but let it sit there on the site over many years and the amounts add up. 2 years is 120 REMS of exposure, 3 is 180 REMSs, so every object they uncover adds to the amounts exposed to the public. This is a direct violation of the law:

“42 U.S. Code § 9603 – Notification requirements respecting released substances

(a)Notice to National Response Center upon release from vessel or offshore or onshore facility by person in charge; conveyance of notice by Center

Any person in charge of a vessel or an offshore or an onshore facility shall, as soon as he has knowledge of any release (other than a federally permitted release) of a hazardous substance from such vessel or facility in quantities equal to or greater than those determined pursuant to section 9602 of this title, immediately notify the National Response Center established under the Clean Water Act [33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.] of such release. The National Response Center shall convey the notification expeditiously to all appropriate Government agencies, including the Governor of any affected State.

(b)Penalties for failure to notify; use of notice or information pursuant to notice in criminal case“

If the EPA was informed of the radiation, they would have evacuated and taken over the site cleanup.

This report is the POST-CONSTRUCTION SUMMARY REPORT December 2019, full citation below. Table 7 lists the Radium objects in this report on pages 163-185.

200 Foot Boundary

200 feet is the boundary between a radiological site and the civilian residents. If a civilian lives within 200 feet of the fence of a radiological or any type of toxic waste site they are considered to be ON THE SITE. There is no boundary at Treasure Island, the residents are living ON THE SITE!

This is a direct violation of the very law cited on page 1-2 of this report where they claim compliance with the “National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (Code of Federal Regulations [CFR], Title 40, Part 300) and Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation.

40 CFR Appendix A to Part 300 – The Hazard Ranking System:
5.1.1 Resident population threat. Evaluate the resident population threat only if there is an area of observed contamination in one or more of the following locations:

• Within the property boundary of a residence, school, or day care center and within 200 feet of the respective residence, school, or day care center, or

• Within a workplace property boundary and within 200 feet of a workplace area, or

• Within the boundaries of a resource specified in section 5.1.1.3.4, or

• Within the boundaries of a terrestrial sensitive environment specified in section 5.1.1.3.5.

If not, assign the resident population threat a value of 0, enter this value in Table 5-1, and proceed to the nearby population threat (section 5.1.2).

There are two levels of safe radiation, one is the immediate dose and the other is the yearly dose. The Navy decided to only list the radiation by the hour to show that it does not exceed the immediate dose but failed to place on the same chart the yearly dose which prove it is a nuclear disaster area, so I calculated it by multiplying the per hour dose by 8760 hours in a year and divided the legal dosages per year by 8760 to get the hourly amounts.

60 Rems of radiation will give you a 1 in 4 chance of getting cancer¹¹, that is just for starters, it gets worse from there. Also the Navy discovered this for these specific objects in 2013, why did they choose to not evacuate the people, knowing exactly the danger? That’s 300 REMS of Radiation needlessly exposing the residents of Treasure Island which increased their chance of getting cancer to 74 in 100¹¹ And we now they had radiation surveys in reports published in 2007.

The RSY Pads in the above map (page 111) of the cleanup sites for nuclear radiation were places where they removed objects from B-25 boxes to dry out the materials and you will notice the locations are within 200 feet of housing. The materials in the boxes buried under ground which were collected in the past and buried there for the cleanup, had to be dried out as the conditions under ground is the water table is very high and they had to dry out everything so they exposed everyone to these dry out locations with the 60 Rems of radiation. This is gamma radiation which requires 6 feet of lead to protect you from the exposure so the radiation buried under ground is just as radioactive as when they put them on the drying locations. So the people of Site 12 have been exposed each year with the full dose of 60 Rems from these radium objects.

The correct symbol for a micro Rem is µrem. The footnotes to the Navy Table on page 185 of the report notify that they using Micro Rems which is a millionth of a Rem but they use the wrong symbol on their spreadsheets. The Navy’s spreadsheet uses mR for microrem. mrems are mili rems or 1/1000th of a REM.

So you have

The annual doss for a member of the public is 100 milli rems designated as 100 mrem

100 mrem is 0.1 REM

100 mrem is 100,000 micro rems which in this report is designated as mR but in the real world it is µrem and the only reason the would do this is to confuse people.

In this spreadsheet Item 777 at the top of the spreadsheet (above):
Cumulative number: 777
item number: 10/21/2015-337
Description: Foil
Date Recovered: 10/21/2015
Location Identified: B-25 Box 2830 95% complete
Originating SWDA (Solid Waste Disposal Area): Westside
Item loaded into US Army JMC Waste Brooker Transfer Container-date: 2/15/2018
Radiation Level Highest Contact (mR/h)¹: 260I
Highest Contact Level per year x X 8760 (hours): 2,277,600 which is 2.2776 REMS per year)
Individual Members of the public Dose 100 mrems per year value in micro rems/per hour:11.4

ALL NAVY PERSONNEL Exposed to Radium for EYE TESTS 1944-1951

The Navy wanted to test for night vision, so they used a device called the Radium Plaque Adaptometer that used a slab of radium as the light source and exposed all Navy Personnel to this device directed at their eyes and head every 6 months from 1944 to 1951. It was placed 5 feet from their heads and they were to stare at the radiological object to conduct the test. they also were exposed by sitting in the room awaiting their turns to take the test. The Army continued to use this thing in the 1970s.

The device was issued to all ships and all bases and all Naval Hospitals and they were built at the Brooklyn Navy Yard so that area which is currently being developed for real estate was a radium manufacturing facility for the entire Navy.

Treasure Island got 10 of them in 1944 as shown in the orders below. 59.4 Rems/yr. of Radium waste were found on Treasure Island in 2018 exposing the people living on site 12 to deadly levels of radiation since the early 1960s. And to this day the city of San Francisco refuses to evacuate the people!

In 2014 the NAVY denied that this device was used on Treasure Island:

Final
Historical Radiological Assessment –
Supplemental Technical Memorandum
Naval Station Treasure Island
San Francisco, California
July 1, 2014.
p. 6

They purposely exposed all Navy Personnel worldwide on every ship, every base, every hospital to this device aimed at the eyes and head from 1944 to 1951 . Here are the orders that assigned 10 of them to TI in 1944 and removed them in 1951:

https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015072851952

Censored SF Board of Supervisors Meeting official transcript censored

The transcript is provided below. Link to the video of the meeting
The proceedings of the February 8th 2021 San Francisco Board of Supervisors Land Use Committee Hearing on the Treasure Island Cleanup was censored by someone in the City of San Francisco’s Government to remove sources, change the dialogue to make content appear to be the opposite of what was intended. They censored Board of Supervisors: Myrna Melgar, Matt Haney, Aaron Peskin and Dean Preston.

My testimony on the cancer and mutations of wildlife in the Bay was censored in this hearing. They removed my sources, including the Sausalito Marine Mammal Center and they added content that was not there. I want the person who did this to face the consequences of this crime!

I archived the city transcript. http://archive.today/ESWk0

The question I have is how long have they been doing this and how can we trust the public record if they are censoring it!

I took the hearing transcript made by Investigative Reporter Carol Harvey of The San Francisco Bay View National Black Newspaper which she confirmed the testimony with the parties that spoke as it was a 4 hour hearing and I compared it to the transcript the city published and it doesn’t match up. The city transcript does not match the video.

The deleted content will be strikethroughs and the added content by the censor will be in blue with square brackets around that text []. There is a lot of bad spelling in the censored transcript and content was added to change sentence structure and so when all of a sudden the censor decided to start a new narrative other than the one presented in the actual hearing, I noted the words changed, so if you see for example “word [Word]” the censor decided to start a new sentence where there was none. The background white text is the transcript by Carol Harvey of the San Francisco Bay View National Black Newspaper.

TI-The Smoking Gun – Chemical Warfare test at Treasure Island Navy evaluates methods use to clean up Mustard Gas

“Field Decontamination Studies with Chemical Warfare Decontaminating Solution DS2,” G. H. FIELDING Protective Chemistry Branch Chemistry Division, NRL Report 6191,U.S. NAVAL RESEARCH LABORATORY Washington, D.C.

In 1964, the Navy decided to test its new cleaning agent DS2 to compare it to “DANC” which was used in all Navy Bases as a cleaner ashore. Treasure Island Damage Control school was chosen at the site because they regularly train in radiological, chemical and biological decontamination on two week intervals since 1948. Up until 1970 the decontamination area was located on the northwest corner of the island which contained a mock up of a ship (the first USS Pandemonium), a mock up of an airplane, and a 5 inch gun which was used for general training and for decontamination. In 1970 they tore down the first USS Pandemonium and built housing over the site and rebuilt it to the Northeastern side of the Island. The fire fighting school which was a separate location and was also replaced to be further to the north east of the island in 1988.

Also it should be noted that Treasure Island was designed to train instructors in how to conduct training on their ships and bases so the contamination must be checked for every military base in the world. https://treasureislandcalifornia.wordpress.com/2021/01/31/ti-graduates-of-abc-school-went-on-to-train-their-shipmates-uss-macon/ Here is a map of their facilities including the CHEMICAL WARFARE SCHOOL – Building 269

1951 TI-ATOMIC AND CHEMICAL TRAINING IN THE SAN FRANCISCO AREA 1951 https://treasureislandcalifornia.wordpress.com/2020/12/27/ti-atomic-and-chemical-training-in-the-san-francisco-area-1951/

TI-1952- Chemical Warfare Defense course and manual, Treasure Island CA update

Chemical Warfare Defense
Civil Engineer Corps, United States Navy Tp-PL-3
Bureau of Yards and Docks, Department of the Navy Washington, D. C. 1 January 1952
p. 12 and p. 6 below

Chemical Warfare Defense
Civil Engineer Corps, United States Navy Tp-PL-3
Bureau of Yards and Docks, Department of the Navy Washington, D. C. 1 January 1952
p. 6

B3.02 Training Courses
A three-week chemical warfare course is conducted at the Chemical Corps School, Fort McClellan, Alabama, (formerly located at the Chemical Center, Maryland) and at the U.S. Damage Control Training Center, Treasure Island, California. Details on courses are given in NavPers 15795 List of Naval Schools and Courses. These courses are designed for key personnel of the defense organization to prepare them to conduct necessary training of station personnel. A proposed course for personnel to be assigned to decontamination operations is outlined in Department of the Army Field Manual FM 21-40, “Defense Against Chemical Attack”

Agents used

FM 21-40 Defense Against Chemical Attack 1940 by United States. Army. Chemical Warfare Service Page 6

Mustard
Nitrogen Mustard

Blister Agents
Lewisite
Ethyldichlorarsine
Methyldichlorasine
Phenyldichlorasine
Mixed Blister Gases

Choking Agents
Phosgene
Diphosgene
Chloropicrin

Systemic Agents
Hydrocyanic Acid
Cyanogen Chloride
Arsine

Nerve Agents
G Gas

Vomiting Agents
Adamsite
Diphenylchloroarsine
Diphenylocyanarsine

Tear Agents
Chloroacetophenone
Chloroacetophenone (solution3)
Chloroacetophenone (training solution 4)
Brombenzyloyanids

Screening Smokes
Hexachlorethane Mixture
Sulfur Trioxids in chlor-sulfonic acid
Titanium tetrachloride
White phosphorus

Department of the Army Field Manual FM 21-40, “Defense Against Chemical Attack” 1940

Department of the Army Field Manual FM 21-40, “Defense Against Chemical Attack” 1940

Describes the actions of live training for chemical attack by using glass containers of chemical agents in trenches wired to explode so the glass does not injure personnel but the chemical agent is sent into the atmosphere to be carried by the wind and the methods for training personnel to diagnose the type of chemical agent and how to deal with it.

Department of the Army Field Manual FM 21-40, “Defense Against Chemical Attack” 1940
SECTION IX, TRAINING IN DEFENSE AGAINST CHEMICAL ATTACK, Sections 59-68, pages 96-113

Chemical Warfare Service founding members of Chemical Warfare Association 1946

Chemical Corps Journal Vol 1 No. 1 August 1946
This is the first issue of the Chemical Corps Journal which would later be named the Armed Forces Chemical Journal and they list the founding members who supplied the chemical warfare service during World War II. The journal over the years have ads for companies that participated in the Development of Chemical and Biological Warfare.
Merck in Rahway is among them.

Peacetime Implications of Biological Warfare by George W Merck of Merck and Co in Rahway NJ

Chemical Warfare locations in the US in World War II, depots training locations, offices, labs etc.

Agawam Dye Works, Inc., Lawrence MA
American Cyanamid Co., 30 Rockefeller Plaza NY NY (RCA building NBC is located on that site)
The Barneby-Cheney Engineering Co., Columbus, OH
The Bell Machine Co., Oshkosh, WI
Buffalo Electro-Chemical Co., Inc. Buffalo NY
Celanese Corp of America, NY NY
Chicago Eye Shield Co., Chicago IL
Day and Night Manufacturing Co;, Monrovia CA
Doehler-Jarvis Corp, NY NY
Dow Chemical Co., Midland, MI
Dryden Rubber Co., Chicago IL
E I Dupont De Nemours & Co.., Inc., Wilmington DE
Electromaster, Inc., Detroit MI
Empire Stove Co., Belleville IL
Federal Laboratories, Pittsburg PA
Fencil, Wm., Co., Huntley IL
Firestone Rubber & Latex Products Co., Fall River MA
Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. Akron OH
Fraser and Johson Co., San Francisco CA
General Dyestuff Corp., NY NY
General Tire & Rubber Co., Wabash IN
Handy & Harman, NY NY
Hell Co., Milwaukee WI
Hercules Powder Co., Wilmington DE
Heyden Chemical Corp NY NY
Hub Hosiery Mills, Lowell MA
Hooker Electrochemical Co., Niagara Falls NY
Industrial Rubber Goods Co., St Louis MO
Merck & Company, Rahway NJ
Mineapolis-Honeywell Regulator Co., Minneapolis MN
Monsanto Chemical Co. St Louis MO
National Fireworks, Inc,. West Hanover MA
National Magnesium Corp. of MD., NY NY
Niagara Alkali Co., NY NY
Pemco Corp, Baltimore MD
Pennsylvania Salt Mfg. Co., Philadelphia PA
Pilcher, J. V. Mfg., Co., Pittsburg PA
Raymond Laboratories, Inc., St Paul, MN
Scovil Manufacturing Co., Waterbury CN
Standard Products Co., Detroit MI
Standard Oil Development Co., NY NY
Stauffer Chemical Co., NY NY
Victor Chemical Works, Chicago, IL
Vulcan Copper & Supply Co., Cinncinnati, OH
Wallace & Tiernan Products, Inc., Belleville NJ
Westvaco Chlorine Products Co., NY NY
World Steel Products Corp., NY NY
Wyandotte Chemicals Co., Wyandotte MI
Zaremba Co., Buffalo NY

Peacetime Implications of Biological Warfare by George W Merck of Merck and Co in Rahway NJ

Chemical Corps Journal Vol 1 No. 1 August 1946 it would later be called the Armed Forces Chemical Journal.

After the war:
The US Naval Biological Research Lab was in the Oakland Navy Depot.
The Army’s Biological Lab was located at Fort Baker in the Golden Gate National Park and is used today to teach children about the biological of the Golden Gate Park. These children need to be evacuated immediately!

1974 NAVFAC orders to dispose of Radium at San Francisco

NAVFAC which is now denying that Radium was purposely buried on Navy Bases, gave the orders to do just that in June 1974. NAVFAC should not be in charge of cleaning up its own messes.

The Navy Civil Enginner

1978 EIS Appendix C-5 Alpha Field Survey

1978 Environmental Impact Statement for the Army to build a brand new Chemical, Biological and Radiological Training Facility with references to the training at Treasure Island. These are the Course instructions, how they did it, what they measured out, etc.
using Uranium and/or Plutonium in these exerices.

Pu is Plutonium
U is Uranium
Cs is Cesium

Alpha Particle Radiation Detection Training at Treasure Island San Francisco CA and the facilities